Pre-calculus

PRECALCULUSPrecalculusPRECALCULUS PAGE 1 OF 2There argon many different applications in the sciences where logarithmic racing shells are used to model and report gentility . Logarithmic scales are used in biology , chemical science , physics , and geology . They are also used in fiscal accounting , such as calculating annuity stick to to . The two examples that will be discussed in this are the Richter overmaster used to measure the magnitude of seisms , and in the calculation of pH values from the submerging of [H ] ionsThe Richter scale was named for its inventor , Charles Richter . In 1934 he developed a scale based on the lay lot , or base 10 , logarithm . For severally wholly digit that the scale increases , the magnitude of the temblor increases by cristal fold . olibanum a magnitude 3 seism has ten clock the earth movement as a magnitude 2 earthquake . Magnitude is erect a measurement of earth movement based on the bounteousness of the seismic waves . postcode let loose is an other(a) reckon . Energy release is proportional to wave amplitude . each(prenominal) on the whole number increase in the Richter scale is equivalent to 31 time the competency released by the earlier whole number . In other words , a magnitude 5 earthquake would release 31 times more muscle than a magnitude 4 earthquake (USGS 2006 br. 1To put this in perspective , consider that the seismic waves of a magnitude 1 earthquake release about the equivalent amount of vigour that a six ounce trip out of trinitrotoluene would release . A magnitude 8 earthquake would release the same energy as five zillion gross tons of trinitrotoluene . The math for this is quite impartial . Given that a magnitude 1 earthquake releases the energy of 6 ounces of TNT . Since this is a logarithmic scale , a magnitude 8 earthquake gives off 317 tim! es as much . This is equivalent to 1 .

651 X 1011 ounces of TNT , in that respect are 16 ounces in a pound , so this equals 1 .032 X 1011 pounds of TNT , or , since there are 2000 pounds in a ton , it is equivalent to 5 ,158 ,615 pounds of the volatile (Michigan Technological University 2007 ,. 1PRECALCULUS PAGE 2 OF 2PH is defined as the controvert log of the hydrogen ion concentrationThus pH -log [H ] . Therefore , calculating the pH of any given resoluteness is equivalent to taking the disconfirming log of the hydrogen ion concentration . For example , assume that a settlement has 3 .0 X 10-5 Moles / liter of Hydroge n ions . -LOG 3 .0 X 10-5 4 .52 . Thus , the pH of a solution that is 3 .0 X 10-5 Moles /Liter of hydrogen ions is 4 .52 theoretically , there is no stop number or raze limit to pH , but the solubility of substances in water system makes going below 1 or above 14 very difficult . Since this is a logarithmic scale , a change is one pH value is equivalent to every ten times more blistering or saltlike , depending on the direction . In other words , a pH of 3 is ten times more acidulous then a pH of...If you inadequacy to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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